Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Oxygen Restriction Generates Difficult-to-Culture P. aeruginosa

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01992

Figure Lengend Snippet: An oxygen intolerant subpopulation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1) was generated in the bead biofilm model. Normoxic and anoxic colony forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) of PAO1 over 21 days from the beads (A) and the surrounding suspension (B) . Symbols with error bars indicate the mean ± SEM ( n = 4). + NO 3 – refers to the addition of 10 mM KNO 3 to LB agar plates. The log difference (C) represents the difference in mean log CFU/mL between plating methods from the suspension and the beads, respectively. The log difference was significantly higher ( p = 0.003, linear regression) in the beads than the surrounding suspension. Symbols with error bars indicate the mean + confidence intervals.

Article Snippet: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1, ATCC 15692), a catalase A deficient Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain (Δ katA PAO1) , Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 14990, Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 8325-4 (methicillin susceptible) , S. aureus USA300 JE2 (MRSA) , E. coli CFT073 ( ) and a clinical strain of Enterococcus faecalis from the Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital – Rigshospitalet, Denmark were used in this study.

Techniques: Generated, Suspension

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Oxygen Restriction Generates Difficult-to-Culture P. aeruginosa

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01992

Figure Lengend Snippet: An oxygen intolerant subpopulation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1) was generated in the filter biofilm model. Normoxic and anoxic colony forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) of PAO1 over 17 days from anoxically (A) and normoxically (B) conditioned filters. Symbols with error bars indicate the mean ± SEM ( n = 4). +NO 3 – refers to the addition of 10 mM KNO 3 to LB agar plates. The log difference (C) represents the difference in mean log CFU/mL between plating methods from the normoxically and anoxically conditioned filters, respectively. The log difference was significantly higher ( p = 0.01, linear regression) in the anoxically conditioned filters than the normoxically conditioned. Symbols with error bars indicate the mean + confidence intervals.

Article Snippet: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1, ATCC 15692), a catalase A deficient Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain (Δ katA PAO1) , Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 14990, Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 8325-4 (methicillin susceptible) , S. aureus USA300 JE2 (MRSA) , E. coli CFT073 ( ) and a clinical strain of Enterococcus faecalis from the Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital – Rigshospitalet, Denmark were used in this study.

Techniques: Generated

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Oxygen Restriction Generates Difficult-to-Culture P. aeruginosa

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01992

Figure Lengend Snippet: An oxygen intolerant subpopulation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1) was generated in the planktonic batch cultures. Normoxic and anoxic colony forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) of PAO1 over 28 days from anoxically (A) and normoxically (B) conditioned batch cultures. Symbols with error bars indicate the mean ± SEM ( n = 4). ±NO 3 – refers to the addition of 10 mM KNO 3 to LB agar plates. The log difference (C) represents the difference in mean log CFU/mL between plating methods from the normoxically and anoxically conditioned batch cultures, respectively. The log difference was significantly higher ( p < 0.0001, linear regression) in the anoxically conditioned batch cultures than the normoxically conditioned. Symbols with error bars indicate the mean + confidence intervals.

Article Snippet: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1, ATCC 15692), a catalase A deficient Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain (Δ katA PAO1) , Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 14990, Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 8325-4 (methicillin susceptible) , S. aureus USA300 JE2 (MRSA) , E. coli CFT073 ( ) and a clinical strain of Enterococcus faecalis from the Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital – Rigshospitalet, Denmark were used in this study.

Techniques: Generated

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Oxygen Restriction Generates Difficult-to-Culture P. aeruginosa

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01992

Figure Lengend Snippet: An oxygen intolerant subpopulation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1) was generated in colonies. Normoxic and anoxic colony forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) of PAO1 over 20 days from anoxically (A) and normoxically (B) conditioned colonies. Symbols with error bars indicate the mean ± SEM ( n = 3). + NO 3 – refers to the addition of 10 mM KNO 3 to LB agar plates. The log difference (C) represents the difference in mean log CFU/mL between plating methods from the normoxically and anoxically conditioned colonies, respectively. The log difference was significantly higher ( p < 0.0001, linear regression) in the anoxically conditioned colonies than the normoxically conditioned. Symbols with error bars indicate the mean + confidence intervals.

Article Snippet: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1, ATCC 15692), a catalase A deficient Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain (Δ katA PAO1) , Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 14990, Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 8325-4 (methicillin susceptible) , S. aureus USA300 JE2 (MRSA) , E. coli CFT073 ( ) and a clinical strain of Enterococcus faecalis from the Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital – Rigshospitalet, Denmark were used in this study.

Techniques: Generated

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Oxygen Restriction Generates Difficult-to-Culture P. aeruginosa

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01992

Figure Lengend Snippet: Direct viable counting reveals a viable but non-culturable population of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1) after anoxic conditioning. Bacterial counts per milliliter were determined with plate counting and direct viable counting from 24-hour-old batch cultures (A) and from 16-day-old anoxic conditioned batch cultures (B) of PAO1. Bacteria were stained with LIVE/DEAD staining to estimate the proportion of viable (live) and non-viable (dead) cells. There was significantly more viable bacterial counts when applying direct viable counting in comparison to normoxic plating ( p < 0.0001, One-way ANOVA test) and anoxic plating ( p = 0.0009, One-way ANOVA). Anoxic plating yielded significantly higher bacterial counts ( p = 0.023, One-way ANOVA test) than normoxic plating. Symbols with error bars indicate the mean ± SEM ( n = 3). + NO 3 – refers to the addition of 10 mM KNO 3 to LB agar plates. ∗ p < 0.05.

Article Snippet: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1, ATCC 15692), a catalase A deficient Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain (Δ katA PAO1) , Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 14990, Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 8325-4 (methicillin susceptible) , S. aureus USA300 JE2 (MRSA) , E. coli CFT073 ( ) and a clinical strain of Enterococcus faecalis from the Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital – Rigshospitalet, Denmark were used in this study.

Techniques: Bacteria, Staining, Comparison

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Oxygen Restriction Generates Difficult-to-Culture P. aeruginosa

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01992

Figure Lengend Snippet: Reactive oxygen species generates a difficult-to-culture subpopulation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1). Normoxic and anoxic colony forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) were determined for 24-hour-old batch cultures (A) and 16-day-old anoxically conditioned batch cultures (B) of PAO1. Normoxic CFU/mL was determined ± 0.3% sodium pyruvate (A,B) , while addition of catalase was only tested for 16-day-old batch cultures. Symbols with error bars indicate the mean ± SEM ( n = 4). + NO 3 – refers to the addition of 10 mM KNO 3 to LB agar plates. There was a significant difference between normoxic plating ± 0.3% sodium pyruvate ( p = 0.04, One-way ANOVA test) and normoxic plating ± catalase ( p = 0.03, One-way ANOVA test). Normoxic and anoxic determination of CFU/mL were determined for 16-day-old anoxically conditioned batch cultures of PAO1 and Δ katA PAO1 (C) . Symbols with error bars indicate the mean ± SEM ( n = 3). Significant difference between anoxic and normoxic plating with both PAO1 and Δ katA PAO1 ( p = 0.0014 and p < 0.0001, respectively, unpaired T -test). ∗ p < 0.05.

Article Snippet: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1, ATCC 15692), a catalase A deficient Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain (Δ katA PAO1) , Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 14990, Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 8325-4 (methicillin susceptible) , S. aureus USA300 JE2 (MRSA) , E. coli CFT073 ( ) and a clinical strain of Enterococcus faecalis from the Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital – Rigshospitalet, Denmark were used in this study.

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Oxygen Restriction Generates Difficult-to-Culture P. aeruginosa

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01992

Figure Lengend Snippet: Increase in reactive oxygen species affects growth of anoxically conditioned Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1) over time. Determination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and optical density (OD) at day 1 (A) , 8 (B) and 16 (C) for anoxically (–O 2 ) and normoxically (+O 2 ) conditioned PAO1. ROS was measured as counts per second (CPS) when 2′,7′dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate was converted to 2′7′-dichlorofluorescein (DCF). Growth was measured with optical density (OD 600 ) simultaneously to ROS measurement. Data is generated from 99 continuously measurements presented as a solid line with dots representing ± SEM ( n = 4).

Article Snippet: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1, ATCC 15692), a catalase A deficient Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain (Δ katA PAO1) , Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 14990, Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 8325-4 (methicillin susceptible) , S. aureus USA300 JE2 (MRSA) , E. coli CFT073 ( ) and a clinical strain of Enterococcus faecalis from the Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital – Rigshospitalet, Denmark were used in this study.

Techniques: Generated

Journal: Reproduction in domestic animals = Zuchthygiene

Article Title: Localization of orexin B and receptor 2 for orexins in testicular cytotypes of the camelid alpaca (Vicugna pacos).

doi: 10.1111/rda.12931

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIGURE 3 OX2-IR in cytotypes of the alpaca testis. (a): Small cluster of Leydig cells containing different quantity of small positive granules scattered in their cytoplasm. (b, c): Round (b) and elongated (c) spermatids showed in their cytoplasm arciform or roundish positive structures which, respectively, embraced portion of the nucleus of the younger cells or were localized in the tail of the older ones. Avidin–biotin immunohistochemical technique. Bars: 20 μm

Article Snippet: Mouse anti- OxA (MAB763) and anti- OxB (MAB734) monoclonal antibodies and their synthetic peptides were obtained from R&D Systems (Abingdon, UK) and from Tocris Bioscience (Bristol, UK), respectively; goat polyclonal anti- OX2 antibody (sc- 8074) and its blocking peptide (sc- 8074 P) from Santa Cruz Biotechnologies (Santa Cruz, CA, USA); horseradish peroxidase- conjugated rabbit anti- goat IgG (A- 5420) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA); and biotinylated goat anti- mouse (BA- 9200), rabbit anti- goat (BA- 1000) secondary antibodies and avidin–biotin complex (PK- 6105) from Vector Laboratories (Burlingame, CA, USA).

Techniques: Avidin-Biotin Assay, Immunohistochemical staining

Journal: Reproduction in domestic animals = Zuchthygiene

Article Title: Localization of orexin B and receptor 2 for orexins in testicular cytotypes of the camelid alpaca (Vicugna pacos).

doi: 10.1111/rda.12931

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIGURE 4 OX2 expression detected by means of Western blotting analysis of testis homogenate. Lane 1: alpaca testis. Lane 2: rat brain. Molecular weight markers are expressed in kDa and reported on the right

Article Snippet: Mouse anti- OxA (MAB763) and anti- OxB (MAB734) monoclonal antibodies and their synthetic peptides were obtained from R&D Systems (Abingdon, UK) and from Tocris Bioscience (Bristol, UK), respectively; goat polyclonal anti- OX2 antibody (sc- 8074) and its blocking peptide (sc- 8074 P) from Santa Cruz Biotechnologies (Santa Cruz, CA, USA); horseradish peroxidase- conjugated rabbit anti- goat IgG (A- 5420) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA); and biotinylated goat anti- mouse (BA- 9200), rabbit anti- goat (BA- 1000) secondary antibodies and avidin–biotin complex (PK- 6105) from Vector Laboratories (Burlingame, CA, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Molecular Weight

Journal: Materials

Article Title: Cationic Substitutions in Hydroxyapatite: Current Status of the Derived Biofunctional Effects and Their In Vitro Interrogation Methods

doi: 10.3390/ma11112081

Figure Lengend Snippet: Synopsis of the bio-functionality realm of cation-substituted hydroxyapatites.

Article Snippet: Zn , Powder Coating , 0.1–50 , ○ Excellent in vitro bioactivity in SBF; ○ In vitro cytocompatibility with MC3T3-E1 , MG63 , mouse Balb/c 3T3 clone A3 fibroblast cell lines; ○ No inflammatory effect; ○ Positive effect on osteoblast cells viability, adhesion, spreading, proliferation and differentiation ; stimulates osteogenic activity and bone growth or healing ; ○ Cytotoxic to human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) cells at concentrations <1 at.% , function of particle morphology; ○ Antibacterial effect activity against: S. aureus (CECT 976, ATCC 25923, ATCC 43300), MRSA , S. epidermidis (ATCC 14990), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6051), S. mutans (ATCC 25175), Lactobacillaceae, Streptococcus sobrinus , E. coli (CECT 434, MG1655, ATCC 12435, ATCC 25922), and Enterobacter aerogenes (ATCC 13048); ○ Antifungal effect against C. albicans (ATCC 10231); ○ Enhances new bone formation as demonstrated in vivo on animal model. , [ , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] .

Techniques: In Vitro, Isolation, In Vivo, Animal Model, Adsorption, Concentration Assay, Modification, Dissolution, Activity Assay, Staining, Bacteria, Control, Transformation Assay

Journal: Journal of Nanobiotechnology

Article Title: Spontaneous formation of MXene-oxidized sono/chemo-dynamic sonosensitizer/nanocatalyst for antibacteria and bone-tissue regeneration

doi: 10.1186/s12951-023-01933-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vitro antibacterial evaluation of C-T@Ti 3 C 2 nanosheets. a Schematic diagram of the mechanism of bactericidal action of C-T@Ti 3 C 2 -mediated SDT&CDT. b Bacterial viability of E. coli , S. aureus and MRSA colonies after treatment with different concentrations of C-T@Ti 3 C 2 nanosheets (n = 3 for each group). c Viability of MRSA after different treatments (n = 3 for each group). d SEM images of the microscopic morphology of bacteria obtained for E. coli and S. aureus after different treatments. e Corresponding fluorescence intensity analysis for SYTO9/PI costaining from ( f ). f Fluorescence microscopy images of MRSA stained by SYTO-9 and propidium iodide (PI) after various treatments (green fluorescence, SYTO-9 representing living cells; red fluorescence, PI representing dead cells). Data are presented as the mean ± SD, and statistical significance was calculated using the two-tailed t test and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001. One representative image of three replicates from each group is shown

Article Snippet: Escherichia coli ( E. coli , ATCC 35401) was used as the gram-negative bacterial strain, while Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus , ATCC 6538) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ( MRSA , ATCC 43300) represented the gram-positive bacterial model. All of them were purchased from BeNa Culture Collection Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China).

Techniques: In Vitro, Bacteria, Fluorescence, Microscopy, Staining, Two Tailed Test

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Current State of Knowledge Regarding WHO High Priority Pathogens—Resistance Mechanisms and Proposed Solutions through Candidates Such as Essential Oils: A Systematic Review

doi: 10.3390/ijms24119727

Figure Lengend Snippet: Studies assessing the antimicrobial activity of essential oils against methicillin resistant, vancomycin-intermediate and -resistant S. aureus (a non-exhaustive list).

Article Snippet: Marino A et al., 2020 , S. aureus ATCC 6538 S. aureus ATCC 43300 S. epidermidis ATCC 35984 L. monocytogenes ATCC 13932 B. subtilis ATCC 6633 S. aureus 7786 MRSA ( S. aureus 815) S. aureus 74CCH-MRSA P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027 Candida sp. , Coridothymus capitatus (L.) Reichenb. fil. Hydrolate alone or in association with tetracycline/itraconazole , Checkerboard method Broth microdilution Propidium iodide and MitoTracker staining , Spanish oregano (also known as Thymus capitatus (L.) Hoffmanns. and Link) EO obtained from flowers was used. Antimicrobial activity of the prepared hydrolates (alone or in combination with tetracyline and itraconazole) was assessed. The hydrolate exhibited good antimicrobial activity, as well as a synergistic action (alteration of mitochondrial function) with itraconazole against C. krusei and an additive effect (alteration of membrane permeability) with tetracycline against MRSA strains. , [ ] .

Techniques: Activity Assay, Diffusion-based Assay, Inhibition, Cytotoxicity Assay, Electron Microscopy, In Vitro, Dilution Assay, Preserving, Quantitative Proteomics, Nucleic Acid Electrophoresis, Membrane, Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy, Concentration Assay, Titration, Bacteria, Microscopy, Transmission Assay, Microdilution Assay, Produced, Modification, Clinical Proteomics, Blocking Assay, Staining, Cell Culture, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Spectroscopy, Reverse Transcription, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Crystal Violet Assay, Expressing, Flow Cytometry, In Vivo, Liposomes, Time-Kill Assay, Formulation, MTT Assay, Incubation, Thin Layer Chromatography, Bioassay, Antibiofilm Assay, Resazurin Assay, Biofilm Production Assay, Control, Infection, Cream, Antioxidant Activity Assay, Permeability, Virus, Extraction, Isolation

Journal: Plant molecular biology

Article Title: Lateral roots affect the proteome of the primary root of maize (Zea mays L.).

doi: 10.1007/s11103-004-3476-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 2. Comparative proteomic two-dimensional maps of CHAPS-soluble proteins extracted from 9-day-old maize primary roots of wild-type and the lateral root initiation mutant lrt1 seedlings showing average spot intensities. Maps for each genotype were prepared from three two-dimensional gels conducted using three independent protein preparations. Proteins were separated in the first dimension according to their pIs on IPG strips pH 4–7 and in the second dimension according to their molecular masses on linear 12–18% SDS-polyacrylamide gradient gels. Proteins were stained with colloidal Coomassie blue G250. Protein spots that were identified via MALDI-ToF spectrometry are numbered on the maps. Proteins preferentially accumulated in lrt1 primary roots are numbered on the lrt1 gel. Normalized data from these maps are summarized in Tables 1 and 2.

Article Snippet: Proteins were then separated according to their Mrs on 12–18% SDS polyacrylamide gradient gels, stained with a modified colloidal Coomassie blue stain and scanned with a Biorad GS 710 scanner (Biorad, Hercules, CA) as described previously (Hochholdinger et al., 2004b).

Techniques: Mutagenesis, Staining